第三部分 题型一 阅读理解（3推理判断题）（2022高考英语）新高考版.pptx

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1、题型一题型一 阅读理解阅读理解(推理判断题推理判断题)【第三部分 高考题型突破】目 录高考帮备考方向导航析考情 题型突破链高考 真题探究考法帮解题能力提升考法1 推断隐含意义考法2 推断文章出处或读者对象考法3 推断写作意图考法4 推断观点态度考法5 预测文章内容析考情 题型突破链高考 真题探究高考帮备考方向导航 析考情 题型突破一 考情概述 推理判断题在近几年高考阅读理解中的考查数量仅次于细节理解题,是历年高考英语阅读理解的核心考点和命题集中点,考查方向以推断细节隐含意义为主。在阅读测试中属于深层次理解题,它要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发, 运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的

2、常卷别202020192018新高考(山东)4(细节推断、写作意图) 全国5(细节推断、观点态度)6(细节推断、文章出处)5(细节推断、写作意图)全国3(细节推断)1(细节推断)3(细节推断、文章出处)浙江4(细节推断)3(细节推断)5(细节推断、写作意图、观点态度)识进行分析、推理和判断。其答案一般不会在原文中直接呈现,要把文章提供的信息进行分析、提炼和归纳之后才能得出。 推理判断题涉及的范围很广,主要包括:推断细节隐含意义;推断文章出处或者读者对象;推断作者的写作意图;对文章内容进行预测;推断作者或文中人物对某个人或事物的态度或评价等。二 命题特点推理判断题涉及的文章内容可能是一句话或几句

3、话,也可能是一个或两三个段落,甚至是整篇文章,所以此类题目难度比较大,考生很容易失分。其设问特点为:1.考查暗含的信息,文章中没有明说; 2.一般在文章中可以找到提示信息; 3.设问内容含义深刻,不像细节题那么直白。三 选项特点1.正确选项的特点(1)在文章中可以找到信息支持,并且可以推断出正确选项。(2)大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。2.干扰项的特点(1)颠倒是非:选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。(2)照搬原文:原文里有相关的直接信息,不需要经过推断。(3)推理过度:把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。(4)无中生有:捏造原文中并不存在的信息,并以此作为依据进行推断。 链高考 真题探究Pas

4、sage 12020全国,C语篇类型:说明文主题:竞走运动词数:303难度:建议时间:7分钟高考真题 Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer O

5、lympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walkin

6、g such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would bu

7、rn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to he

8、r research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are unco

9、mmon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced race

10、r to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.28.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.29.What advantage does race walking have over

11、 running?A. Its more popular at the Olympics.B. Its less challenging physically.C. Its more effective in body building.D. Its less likely to cause knee injuries.30.What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Getting experts opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an e

12、xperienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.31.Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical. B. Objective.C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.命题分析素养解读本文选材符合课程标准提出的关于培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人中对体育这一项的要求,引导考生关注体育运动,提高锻炼意识,学会健康生活。文章对比分析了竞走与跑步,介绍了竞走相比跑步的好处,也指出了其危害,引导学生辩证地看问题,培养思辨能力

13、。这主要体现了学科核心素养中的思维品质。试题分析第29题是细节推断题,考生要在原文中找准关键信息点,再进行分析和推断。 第31题是观点态度题,考生要在了解全文主旨内容的基础上,判断作者对竞走运动的态度。庖丁解牛重难词汇demanding adj.费力的,需要高技能(或耐性等)的,要求高的approximately adv.大约,大概 considerable adj. 相当大的,相当多的 consult v.咨询,请教熟词生义pound 常见义:n. 英镑,磅 本文义:v. 反复击打词块积累contribute to是的原因之一 (be) associated with与有关难句突破句式分析:

14、moving at a pace of six miles per hour是动词-ing短语作后置定语,修饰主语race walkers,第一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰about 800 calories per hour,第二个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰running。句意:根据大多数计算,以每小时六英里的速度移动的竞走者每小时会消耗大约800卡路里,这大约是他们走路燃烧的卡路里的两倍,虽然它比跑步消耗的卡路里少,跑步可能每小时消耗大约1 000卡路里或更多。解题思路28.C考查细节理解。由题干中的关键词conditioned athletes可将解题信息定位至第二段

15、,根据本段中的But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times可知,竞走者在竞走时必须遵循一些特殊的运动规则,故选C。29.D考查细节推断。根据第五段中的some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon amon

16、g race walkers可知,一些与跑步有关的损伤,如跑步者的膝盖(受伤),在竞走者中并不常见。据此可知,竞走不太可能导致膝盖受伤,故选D。30.A考查细节理解。根据第五段中的anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique可知, Norberg博士建议任何想要尝试竞走的人或许应该首先咨询下教练或有经验的竞走者,以学习正确的技巧,故选A。31.B考查观点态度。第一段总领全文,提出了竞走运动有利也有弊;下文主要对比了竞走运动与跑步的情况。通观全文,作者既提到了竞走这项运动的好处,也指出了它的一些危害,故作者对竞走的态度是客观的,本题应选B。Passage 22018浙江,A语篇类型:说明文主题:英国作家狄更斯词数:314难度:建议时间:6分钟高考真题 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published