第三部分 题型一 阅读理解（4词义猜测题）（2022高考英语）新高考版.pptx

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1、题型一题型一 阅读理解阅读理解(词义猜测词义猜测题题)【第三部分 高考题型突破】目 录高考帮备考方向导航析考情 题型突破链高考 真题探究考法帮解题能力提升考法1 猜测生僻词或短语的含义考法2 猜测熟词或短语的生僻含义考法3 猜测代词的指代意义考法4 猜测句子含义析考情 题型突破链高考 真题探究高考帮备考方向导航 析考情 题型突破一 考情概述 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型,也是考查考生英语语言能力和思维品质的重要形式。每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题一般不超过两道。除了直接命题考查词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,有时会有一些卷别202020192018新高考(山东) 2(代词that;单be

2、anpoles) 全国1(单词currency)1(单词stumbles)1(单词dominant)全国2(单词collapsed;短语an addedmeaning)2(代词I;短语tug at theheartstrings)1(短语a juicer)浙江1(代词That)1(句子Moneywith no stringsattached)1(单词headwinds)生僻的单词或短语,且文中没有附加注释,这时就需要考生根据上下文猜测词义,从而准确理解文章,这是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 词义猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、词组、句子的本义或延伸义以及代词的指代意义的能力。要求猜测词义的

3、词一般为动词、名词、形容词或代词等,这些词要么是生僻词,要么是考生比较熟悉的又有生僻义的词,有时还会要求考生猜测一句话的含义。二 命题特点1.常考的角度(1)熟词生义,即常用词在特殊语言环境中具有的特殊意义。(2)专业化程度较高的词的含义。(3)生僻词的含义。(4)代词所指代的含义。2.常见的设问形式(1)What does the underlined word/phrase . in paragraph. probably mean?(2)What does the underlined word. in paragraph.refer to?(3)Which of the followi

4、ng best explains . underlined in paragraph.?(4)Which of the following could replace the underlined phrase . in paragraph.?(5)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word .?三 选项特点1.正确选项的特点(1)相应词语的同义词语。(2)对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。2.干扰项的特点(1)对原表达方式的不正确改写。(2)信息不全。(3)半对半错。(4)曲解原意。这些干扰项有时会使用较

5、多原句中的表达,给人似是而非的误导,考生要多加注意。 链高考 真题探究Passage 12020全国,C语篇类型:说明文主题:海狸鼠皮毛时装词数:324难度:建议时间:7分钟高考真题 When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the m

6、arket for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,says Cree McCree, project

7、 director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.The ecosystem down there

8、cant handle this non-native species(物种).Its destroying the environment.Its them or us,says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond

9、 Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur. Then theres Righteous Fur and its

10、 unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them I think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York. Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that usin

11、g nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 28.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a n

12、ew brand D. To celebrate a winter holiday.29.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.30.What does the underlined word collapsed in paragraph 5 probably

13、 mean?A. Boomed. B. Became mature.C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.31.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. Its formal. B. Its risky.C. Its harmful. D. Its traditional.命题分析素养解读本文介绍了海狸鼠破坏生态平衡,人们可以无负罪感地穿海狸鼠皮毛制成的衣服,不会对环境造成威胁,从而引导考生关注生态平衡,辩证地看问题,同时也引导考生培养环境保护意识和思辨能力。这体现了学科

14、核心素养中的思维品质和文化意识这两个方面。试题分析第30题考查对较为生僻单词含义的猜测,考生要结合上下文语境猜测collapse的含义。庖丁解牛词块积累cross ones mind (想法等)掠过心头,出现在脑海keep . in check 控制,制止come around (to sth.) 改变观点/看法(以接受)难句突破句式分析:句中it took her.acceptable为省略了引导词that的宾语从句,it作形式主语,不定式短语to come around.acceptable为真正的主语;宾语从句中又包含有that引导的同位语从句(该从句解释说明其前的opinion)。句意

15、:设计师詹妮弗安德森承认,她花了一段时间才转而接受了这个观点,即用海狸鼠毛皮制作自己的作品在道德上是可以接受的。解题思路28.A考查推理判断。根据第二段中的Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria furIt sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur.every year可知,时装秀的意图是推销让人穿着无罪恶感的毛皮衣服。故选A。29.A考查细节理解。根据第二段中的the nutria are destroying vast wetlands ever

16、y year以及第四段中的The ecosystem . Its destroying the environment可知,因为海狸鼠破坏湿地进而破坏了环境,所以科学家对它们很担心。故选A。30.D考查词义猜测。根据画线词前的but前的分句可知,海狸鼠的数量几十年来因为皮毛交易而受到控制,but前后分句所表示的意思相反,所以but后的内容应该说的是海狸鼠数量不再受控,故推断出皮毛交易市场出了问题。结合选项,再运用排除法可知,画线词collapsed和crashed倒闭的意思最接近,故选D。31.B考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的To give people a guilt-free option.a massive thing, at least here in New York可知,在纽约,穿毛皮衣服有风险。故选B。Passage 22019全国,B语篇类型:记叙文主题:志愿者工作的意义词数:302难度:建议时间:7分钟高考真题 You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will