第三部分 题型一 阅读理解（2主旨大意题）（2022高考英语）新高考版.pptx

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1、题型一题型一 阅读理解阅读理解(主旨大意题主旨大意题)【第三部分 高考题型突破】目 录高考帮备考方向导航析考情 题型突破链高考 真题探究考法帮解题能力提升考法1 归纳文章标题考法2 概括文章大意考法3 总结段落大意析考情 题型突破链高考 真题探究高考帮备考方向导航 析考情 题型突破一 考情概述卷别202020192018新高考(山东)1(主旨大意) 全国2(段落大意、最佳标题)2(段落大意、最佳标题) 2(最佳标题、文章大意)全国2(文章大意、最佳标题)2(文章大意、最佳标题) 2(文章大意、最佳标题)浙江1(最佳标题)2(段落大意、最佳标题)1(最佳标题) 主旨大意题是阅读理解的必考题目类型

2、,每套试卷一般设置12题,其中,选择最佳标题类的题目是每套试卷的必考点,段落大意题偶有出现,通常针对说明文和议论文设题。 主旨大意题在阅读理解中所占比例不高, 但难度较大, 是拉开分数差距的一个重要的题目类型,因此考生应给予足够的重视。预计未来高考阅读理解主旨大意题的比例将保持稳定,考查方式将从原来简单的主旨概括向综合性归纳转变。二 命题特点主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,以及归纳与概括信息的能力。题干中往往会出现下列词语:subject,topic, theme,title,main idea等。 主旨大意题的考查方向:1.概括整篇文章的中心思想(main idea)

3、;2.选择最佳标题(best title);3.分析归纳文章某段的段落大意。三 选项特点1.正确选项的特点(1)通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词。(2)能概括文章或段落的主要内容。2.干扰项的特点(1)以偏概全。概括的范围过于狭窄,只阐述了文章的一部分内容(也就是文章的局部信息)或文章主题的一个侧面。(2)断章取义。以文章中的个别信息或个别词作为选项的内容,或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。(3)主题扩大。归纳、概括的范围过大,超出文章实际所讨论的内容。(4)似是而非。关键词好像在文章中提到了,但认真分析之后会发现它与文章的主旨毫无联系。 (5)张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的特征放在

4、B上。 链高考 真题探究Passage 12020全国,C语篇类型:说明文主题:英国多代同堂的趋势在上升词数:318难度:建议时间:7分钟高考真题 With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.1 The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: s

5、he lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a

6、 washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in:We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law. And w

7、hat does Nick think? From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households

8、with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.2 Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20%

9、 of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particular

10、ly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married.28.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A. Nick. B. Rita.C. Kathryn. D. The daughters.29.What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?A. P

11、ositive. B. Carefree.C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.30.What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports.C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.31.What is the text mainly about?A. Lifestyles in different countries.B. Conflicts between ge

12、nerations.C. A housing problem in Britain.D. A rising trend of living in the UK.命题分析 素养解读本文主要讲述了英国多代同堂的社会现象呈上升趋势,通过介绍英国多代同堂的居住方式,培养考生的跨文化意识,并启发考生运用辩证的思维思考家庭和社会生活中的现象和问题。这体现了学科核心素养中的文化意识和思维品质这两个方面。 试题分析这篇材料考查的角度很全面,包括细节理解、观点态度、推理判断和主旨大意。其中第31题为主旨大意题,考生要找准文章的中心句。庖丁解牛 熟词生义float 常见义:v.(使)漂浮 本文义:v.提出(计划、

13、想法或方案) 词块积累cut in 插嘴,打断(谈话)be firmly rooted (in) (在中)根深蒂固,深深扎根(于) 难句突破1.句式分析:逗号前的部分为with的复合结构(with+宾语+adj./介词短语),在句中作原因状语。句意:由于年轻人无力承担离开家的费用以及老年人面临孤独的风险,更多的家庭选择住在一起。2.句式分析:suggest表明后的that引导宾语从句,从句中的with three generations living together为with的复合结构,作后置定语,修饰其前的households。句意:官方报告表明,三代人同住的家庭的数量已经从2001年的3

14、2.5万户增长到2013年的41.9万户。解题思路28.B考查细节理解。根据题干中的Victorian house in Bristol可定位到文章第三段,再根据题干中的关键词ground floor定位到本段中的but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor,由此可知,本题应选B。29.A考查观点态度。根据第五段中的From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend

15、it? Yes, I think I would可以判断,Nick对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度。positive积极的;carefree无忧无虑的;tolerant宽容的;unwilling不情愿的。故选A。30.C考查推理判断。根据第六段中的Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013和第七段中的It is said that about 20% of

16、 25-34-year-olds.about 1.8 million可知,作者是通过罗列数据来说明多代同堂家庭的情况的,故选C项公布的数据。31.D考查主旨大意。根据全文中心句With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),more families are choosing to live together可知,本文主要介绍了近年来英国多代同堂的趋势在上升,故选D。Passage 22019全国,D语篇类型:说明文主题:青少年中小学阶段的受欢迎类型词数:339难度:建议时间:8分钟高考真题 During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and