1_附录　情态动词.pptx

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1、附录 情态动词高考英语新高考专用一、情态动词的类型1.只作情态动词的有:must,can(could),may(might),ought to。2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need,dare3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:shall(should),will(would)4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有:have(has/had)to,used to二、情态动词的特征1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,要和动词原形连用构成谓语。2.适用于主语的各种人称和数(have to例外,主语是第三人称单数,且句子为一般现在时的情况下,要用has to)。We/He must work hard.

2、我们/他一定要努力工作。I have to walk home.我得步行回家。He has to walk home.他得步行回家。3.后面接动词原形。He may lose his way.他可能会迷路。You ought to obey the law.你应该遵守法律。4.具有助动词的作用,即可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略答语。I cant swim.Can you swim?No,I cant,either.我不会游泳。你会游泳吗?我也不会。用法例句can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力,不表示做与未做某事Mary can speak three languages.玛丽能说

3、三门语言。Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6.汤姆6岁就能唱英文歌了。表示请求、允许。在一般疑问句中,could可代替can,但比can语气更委婉,答语要用canCan/Could you help me?Yes,I can.你能帮我吗?可以。三、情态动词的基本用法1.can,couldcan表示具体事情发生的可能,常用于否定句、疑问句,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等语气。can表示理论上的可能时可用于肯定句。could表示推测时比can可能性小,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句That cant be true.那不可能是真的。(具体事情发生的可能

4、,表示不相信)Accidents can happen in this weather.这种天气可能会发生事故。(理论上的可能性)It could be weeks before we get a reply.我们可能要等好几个星期才得到回复。用于固定句型中:cant.too/enough(无论也不为过);cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事;cant help but do sth.不得不做某事;cannot/could not but do sth.不得不做某事I cant thank him too much.我怎么感谢他也不为过。I could not but admi

5、re her.我不得不佩服她。2.may,might用法例句may表示请求或允许,意为:可以。might表示请求时语气更为委婉。might为may的过去式,常用于间接引语You may leave the book where it was.你可以把书放在原来的位置。She said I might call her at the weekend.(间接引语)她说我可以周末给她打电话。may,might 表示推测,用于肯定句,意为“可能”;may not意为“可能不”,如表达“不可能”则用cantThis coat may be Peters.这件大衣可能是彼得的。This coat may

6、not be Peters.这件大衣可能不是彼得的。may表示祝愿,其结构为:may+主语+动词原形May you succeed!祝你成功!用于固定句型中:may/might as well do不妨,还是做为好;may/might well+do(=be very likely to do)很有可能做So you might as well do what you love.所以你不妨做你喜欢的事情。Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her.她的模样变化如此大,你很有可能认不出她了。3.

7、must用法例句表示必要性,意为:必须。表示“不必”时用neednt/dont have toMust I give up smoking?我必须戒烟吗?Yes,you must.是的,你必须。/No,you neednt/dont have to.不,你不必。mustnt表示禁止You mustnt smoke here.你不可以在这里吸烟。表坚持,意为:偏要,非要Must you make so much noise?你就非得弄出这么大声吗?表推断,用于肯定句,意为:一定,准是You must be tired after your long walk.你走了那么长的路后,一定累了。用法例

8、句表示征求对方意见或请求,用于第一、三人称的疑问句中 Shall I/he go to see you?我/他去看你,好吗?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话者的意志,用来表达说话者给对方的命令、警告、允诺等。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应该;必须”You shall have a new dress for your birthday.你过生日一定会有件新连衣裙。(允诺)Each competitor shall wear a number.每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(规定)4.shall5.should用法例句=ought to,意为:应该。可表示义务上的“应该”,也可

9、表示推测上的“按说应该”You should/ought to be listening.你应该听才对。(义务上的“应该”)He should/ought to arrive by now.现在他按说应该到了。(推测上的“按说应该”)表示说话人的惊讶、难以置信等情绪,意为:竟然Its strange that he should be late.真奇怪,他竟然会迟到。用作shall的过去式,置于I或we之后,表示打算或期望做的事We knew that we should be leaving the next day.我们知道我们第二天就要走。与表示命令、建议、请求、要求的动词或名词连用用于

10、表示与将来事实相反的if从句中用法例句用于各种人称,表示主语的意愿和意志He will take you home.他愿意送你回家。用于第二人称的一般疑问句,表示请求Will/Would you go with me?你愿意和我一起去吗?will用来叙述目前的习惯;would表示过去的习惯He would get up early when he lived in the coun-try.他住在乡下时总是早起。6.will,would7.need,dare分类用法例句实义动词有人称和数的变化,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中,构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do,does,didHe needn

11、t do it.(情态动词)He doesnt need to do it.(实义动词)Dare you jump off the high wall?(情态动词)Do you dare(to)jump off the high wall?(实义动词)He dared not do it.(情态动词)He didnt dare(to)do it.(实义动词)Try it if you dare come here.(情态动词)情态动词没有人称和数的变化(dare可以有过去式dared),直接接动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词另外,dare作情态动词时,还可用于

12、条件句中;作实义动词时,dare用于疑问句或否定句,后面的to也可省略;I dare say是习惯说法,意为“我想,我认为”8.“情态动词+have done”用法一览表情态动词+have done用法例句must have done准是/一定做了(表示对过去的推测)It must have rained last night,for the road is quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了,因为路很泥泞。can/could have done1.本来能够做2.过去可能会做Can he have gone to his aunts?他有可能去他姨妈家了吗?cannot/could not

13、have done1.过去不可能做2.过去没能够做He cannot have forgotten it.他不可能忘了那件事。may/might have done也许/或许已经做了,一般只用于肯定句或否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”),不用于疑问句,用might则表示语气更加弱Its too late.I think he may have gone to bed.太晚了,我想他或许已经睡了。He may not have finished the work.他也许还没完成那项工作。should/ought tohave done本该做而实际上未做You ought to have don

14、e this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。should not/ought notto have done本不该做而做了You shouldnt have told her the truth.你本不该告诉她真相。neednt have done本不必做而做了You neednt have taken a taxi here,for it is very near to your house.你本来不必打的来这里的,因为这里离你家很近。had better have done当时最好做了(其否定式had better not have done表

15、达相反的含义)You had better not have scolded her.要是那时你没责骂她就好了。would rather have done宁愿当时做了(其否定式would rather not have done表达相反含义,两者都表示“后悔”之意)I raised objections at the meeting,but now I would rather not have done that.我在会上提出了反对意见,但现在我宁愿没那么做。would like/love tohave done过去愿意做但未做成I would love to have gone to t

16、he party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.昨晚我本来很想去参加聚会的,但我得加班完成一个报告。9.几组易混情态(助)动词1)would,used to 用法例句would表示过去反复的动作,常与every day,often,frequently等连用When he was abroad,he would often read as many books as possible.在国外时,他总是尽可能多地读书。used to表示过去的状态、习惯,但现在已经不存在She doesnt get up so early as she used to.她不像以前那样起得那么早了。用法例句could表示过去的能力,但不表示是否做He could ride a bicycle at the age of 5.五岁时他就会骑自行车了。was able to表示过去有能力并且成功地做了,相当于managed to do sth.The fire spread very quickly but everyon